Sanskrit Verses
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Verses 1-6 define the field and its knower. The Lord says that there are two categories in the consciousness of man -the object and the subject, that which is seen and the person who sees it or the seer. The body represents the object and is called the field (kshetra). The seer or the subject is the spirit or jiva which is (kshetraGYa). The jiva is not just a part of the body but is different from it and master of it. In a broad sense the kshetra or field is not just a individual body but a universal nature and it consists of the five great elements (ether, air, fire, water and earth), ego, intellect, the ten organs, mind and five objects of sense, desire, hatred, pleasure and pain, life and vitality. All the individual fields or kshetras are made by a combination of these and in all of them the lord is the knower or kshetraGYa.
Verses 7-11 define knowledge and its means. Knowledge is knowing the difference between the seen and the seer and the body and the soul. This is cultivated by the following discipline. Absence of pride and vanity, patience, perseverance, service of the teacher, self control, non attachment to sense objects, non entanglement with family and intense devotion to the Lord. These constitute knowledge and the opposite is ignorance.
Verses 12-15 describe the object to be known. Through this theme, Lord Krishna says about what is to be known and knowing which one attains immortality. It is the supreme Brahman which is neither Sat nor Asat. The Lord’s hands, feet, eyes, head, face and all parts pervade all and He is supreme.He is the perceiver of all sense objects, though He is devoid of all senses. Though unattached and attribute less, He is the one who sustains and enjoys all qualities (Gunas).He is within and outside all beings. Though immobile, he looks like one who is moving. He is both far and near. He is subtle, hence incomprehensible.
Verses 16-34 discuss about knowledge as discovery of one’s spiritual identity. The fruit of knowledge is God realization. In verses 19 to 22 the Lord describes the differences between prakriti and purushha. Man should understand that “God is present in all beings. He is imperishable. He is a non doer. All actions are done only by nature or prakriti. The Lord says that when a person understands that he is a part of god or purusha and not a part of the impermanent nature or prakriti , then he will not be born again. In the last verse the Lord says that when a person understands this difference between Kshetra and KshetraGYa, then he realizes God.
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